Kamehameha II - Liholiho; Kamehameha III - Kamehameha III; and Nahienaena's Mother Keopuolani's Genealogies
KEOPUOLANI'S GENEALOGY
Keopuolani (the gathering of the clouds of heaven), was the highest ranking chief of the ruling family in the kingdom during her lifetime. She was ali'i kapu of ni'aupi'o (high-born) rank, which she inherited from her mother, Keku'iapoiwa Liliha and her father Kiwala'o. Born in 1778 or 1780 at Pahoehoe, Pihana, Wailuku, Maui,4 her name, given at birth, was Kalanikauikaalaneo (the heavens hanging cloudless). She may have been named for her ancestor, Kakaalaneo, who, with his brother, Kakae, ruled Maui and Lana'i from their court in Lele, the ancient name of Lahaina. It was Kakaalaneo who planted the breadfruit trees in Lahaina for which the place became so famous as to be called Malu Ulu o Lele (breadfruit groves of Lele) .5 Kakaalaneo's time as ali'i of Maui was after regular voyages between Hawai'i and the southern islands ceased, and he was named in a chant as the stranger forefather from Kahiki.6 His direct ancestor was Mooinanea, a mythical mo'o 'aumakua (lizard guardian spirit). She was called by
KEOPUOLANI: SACRED WIFE, QUEEN MOTHER 5
other names such as Makuahanaukama (mother of many children) as she was said to have had eleven or twelve children by Kamehameha, but only three survived. She was also called Wahinepio (captive woman), as she was "captured" on Moloka'i by Kamehameha, but she was most commonly known as Keopuolani, a name given to her when she was fifteen or seventeen years old.7 Her ancestors on her mother's side were ruling chiefs of Maui as far back as Kakaalaneo. She was called queen of Maui.8 Her mother
Mo'oinanea
Mythical
Kakalalaneo Kakae
Kahekili I
Kings of Wailuku
Kalamakua = Kelea Kawao Kaohele
Laielohelohe = Pi'ilani Kings of Maui 16th century
Umi-a-Liloa — Pi'ikea Kala'aiheana = Kamalama Lono-a-Pi'ilani Kiha-a-pi'ilani Kihawahine Kuihewakanaloahano = Nihoa Kamalama Kamalawalu (Waiokama)King s of Hawaii
Keawepaikanaka = Maluna Kahakumaka Kualu
Konokaimehelai = Kihalaninui
Hilia = Kamalau I Waiau = Kahiko
Kapao = Haalou
Kauhi-a-Kama 17th Century I Kalani-Kaumakaowakea
Lonohonuakini I Kaulahea
Keku'iapoiwanui 2 Kekaulike 18th Century
Keku'iapoiwa II = Keoua = Kalola = Kamehamehanui Kahekili II Kauhiaimokuakama Kamae — 'Aikanaka
Keohokalole = Kapa'akea Kamehameha I = Keopuolani
Kalanikupule Kalanikauiokikilo-kalani-akua Kalani'opu'u
Keku'iapoiwa Q Kiwala'o Liliha I
19th century
Liholiho Kauikeaouli Nahi'ena'ena
Kalakaua Lili'uokalani, etc.
Kings of the Hawaiian Islands
mo'o Q pi'o or ni'aupi'o
FIG. 2. The genealogy of Keopuolani. From P. C. Klieger, ed., "Mokuula, History and Archaeological Excavations" (Bishop Museum, 1975), p. 2.
6 THE HAWAIIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY
was named after her great-grandmother, Keku'iapoiwanui, wife of Kekaulike, the paramount chief of Maui. The children of Keku'iapoiwanui and Kekaulike were Kalola Pupukaohonokawailani, ali'i kapu of Maui and Hawai'i, and her brother, Kahekili, ruling chief of Maui and O'ahu. Kalola lived with two brothers, Kalani'opu'u and Keoua, both Hawai'i island ni'aupi'o chiefs. From Kalani'opu'u, the older brother, she had a son, Kalanikauikeaouli Kiwala'o, more often called Kiwala'o. From Keoua, the younger brother, she had a daughter, Keku'iapoiwa Liliha. The children, Kiwala'o and Keku'iapoiwa, had the same mother, different fathers, offspring of a naha union. These two lived together, and Keopuolani was born, the offspring also of a naha union. She was their only child who inherited her ni'aupi'o rank from both parents. A ni'aupi'o chief was of very high rank, and this rank was passed from a ni'aupi'o chief to his or her children. They could never lose that rank. Chiefs of ni'aupi'o and pi'o ranks from naha unions were considered the most sacred of all high chiefs, and these unions were carried out to assure succession to royal power and to obtain the intensified mana important to community and family life.9 Her ancestors on her father's side were of the blood of chiefs who had ruled the island of Hawai'i for as many generations back as the genealogies extend. Her father was Kiwala'o, his father was Kalani'opu'u, and his father was Kalaninuiiamamao, the first-born of the ruling chiefs over all Hawai'i island. Keopuolani's and her ancestors' genealogies were called Kumuuli and Kumulipo, which are found in the song of the kapu chiefs of O'ahu—Kualii, Peleioholani, and Kahahana. The genealogy of Kumuuli, which was much praised by the ancient Hawaiian chiefs and quoted in the famous chant of Kualii, the warrior king of O'ahu, was recited in honor of Keopuolani, who was the kapu descendant of the Maui line of kings. The O'ahu chiefs have no direct descendants in this world; their genealogies trace back through the ancestors of Keopuolani, who bore Kamehameha II and Kamehameha III.10 There were nine traditions that emphasized chiefly rank: one was having a family genealogy tracing back to the gods through Ulu or Nanaulu. Keopuolani's genealogy traced back to Ulu, who descended from Hulihonua and Keakahulilani, the first man and woman created by the gods. Another tradition was that a name chant be composed at birth or given in afterlife, glorifying the family history.11
KEOPUOLANi: SACRED WIFE, QUEEN MOTHER 7
Kiwala'o was present at the birth of Keopuolani as he and his wife were visiting her brother, Kahekili, who, at that time, was the king of Maui, Lana'i, Moloka'i, and O'ahu. Soon after the birth of his daughter, Kiwala'o returned to Hawai'i to become ruling chief over that island. The child remained on Maui as she was hdnai (brought up) in Wailuku, Olowalu, and Hamakua by her maternal grandmother, Kalola. It was not customary for the chiefs to bring up their own children.12
Reference: file:///C:/Users/amy/Documents/Keopuolani%20copypdf.pdf
Keopuolani (the gathering of the clouds of heaven), was the highest ranking chief of the ruling family in the kingdom during her lifetime. She was ali'i kapu of ni'aupi'o (high-born) rank, which she inherited from her mother, Keku'iapoiwa Liliha and her father Kiwala'o. Born in 1778 or 1780 at Pahoehoe, Pihana, Wailuku, Maui,4 her name, given at birth, was Kalanikauikaalaneo (the heavens hanging cloudless). She may have been named for her ancestor, Kakaalaneo, who, with his brother, Kakae, ruled Maui and Lana'i from their court in Lele, the ancient name of Lahaina. It was Kakaalaneo who planted the breadfruit trees in Lahaina for which the place became so famous as to be called Malu Ulu o Lele (breadfruit groves of Lele) .5 Kakaalaneo's time as ali'i of Maui was after regular voyages between Hawai'i and the southern islands ceased, and he was named in a chant as the stranger forefather from Kahiki.6 His direct ancestor was Mooinanea, a mythical mo'o 'aumakua (lizard guardian spirit). She was called by
KEOPUOLANI: SACRED WIFE, QUEEN MOTHER 5
other names such as Makuahanaukama (mother of many children) as she was said to have had eleven or twelve children by Kamehameha, but only three survived. She was also called Wahinepio (captive woman), as she was "captured" on Moloka'i by Kamehameha, but she was most commonly known as Keopuolani, a name given to her when she was fifteen or seventeen years old.7 Her ancestors on her mother's side were ruling chiefs of Maui as far back as Kakaalaneo. She was called queen of Maui.8 Her mother
Mo'oinanea
Mythical
Kakalalaneo Kakae
Kahekili I
Kings of Wailuku
Kalamakua = Kelea Kawao Kaohele
Laielohelohe = Pi'ilani Kings of Maui 16th century
Umi-a-Liloa — Pi'ikea Kala'aiheana = Kamalama Lono-a-Pi'ilani Kiha-a-pi'ilani Kihawahine Kuihewakanaloahano = Nihoa Kamalama Kamalawalu (Waiokama)King s of Hawaii
Keawepaikanaka = Maluna Kahakumaka Kualu
Konokaimehelai = Kihalaninui
Hilia = Kamalau I Waiau = Kahiko
Kapao = Haalou
Kauhi-a-Kama 17th Century I Kalani-Kaumakaowakea
Lonohonuakini I Kaulahea
Keku'iapoiwanui 2 Kekaulike 18th Century
Keku'iapoiwa II = Keoua = Kalola = Kamehamehanui Kahekili II Kauhiaimokuakama Kamae — 'Aikanaka
Keohokalole = Kapa'akea Kamehameha I = Keopuolani
Kalanikupule Kalanikauiokikilo-kalani-akua Kalani'opu'u
Keku'iapoiwa Q Kiwala'o Liliha I
19th century
Liholiho Kauikeaouli Nahi'ena'ena
Kalakaua Lili'uokalani, etc.
Kings of the Hawaiian Islands
mo'o Q pi'o or ni'aupi'o
FIG. 2. The genealogy of Keopuolani. From P. C. Klieger, ed., "Mokuula, History and Archaeological Excavations" (Bishop Museum, 1975), p. 2.
6 THE HAWAIIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY
was named after her great-grandmother, Keku'iapoiwanui, wife of Kekaulike, the paramount chief of Maui. The children of Keku'iapoiwanui and Kekaulike were Kalola Pupukaohonokawailani, ali'i kapu of Maui and Hawai'i, and her brother, Kahekili, ruling chief of Maui and O'ahu. Kalola lived with two brothers, Kalani'opu'u and Keoua, both Hawai'i island ni'aupi'o chiefs. From Kalani'opu'u, the older brother, she had a son, Kalanikauikeaouli Kiwala'o, more often called Kiwala'o. From Keoua, the younger brother, she had a daughter, Keku'iapoiwa Liliha. The children, Kiwala'o and Keku'iapoiwa, had the same mother, different fathers, offspring of a naha union. These two lived together, and Keopuolani was born, the offspring also of a naha union. She was their only child who inherited her ni'aupi'o rank from both parents. A ni'aupi'o chief was of very high rank, and this rank was passed from a ni'aupi'o chief to his or her children. They could never lose that rank. Chiefs of ni'aupi'o and pi'o ranks from naha unions were considered the most sacred of all high chiefs, and these unions were carried out to assure succession to royal power and to obtain the intensified mana important to community and family life.9 Her ancestors on her father's side were of the blood of chiefs who had ruled the island of Hawai'i for as many generations back as the genealogies extend. Her father was Kiwala'o, his father was Kalani'opu'u, and his father was Kalaninuiiamamao, the first-born of the ruling chiefs over all Hawai'i island. Keopuolani's and her ancestors' genealogies were called Kumuuli and Kumulipo, which are found in the song of the kapu chiefs of O'ahu—Kualii, Peleioholani, and Kahahana. The genealogy of Kumuuli, which was much praised by the ancient Hawaiian chiefs and quoted in the famous chant of Kualii, the warrior king of O'ahu, was recited in honor of Keopuolani, who was the kapu descendant of the Maui line of kings. The O'ahu chiefs have no direct descendants in this world; their genealogies trace back through the ancestors of Keopuolani, who bore Kamehameha II and Kamehameha III.10 There were nine traditions that emphasized chiefly rank: one was having a family genealogy tracing back to the gods through Ulu or Nanaulu. Keopuolani's genealogy traced back to Ulu, who descended from Hulihonua and Keakahulilani, the first man and woman created by the gods. Another tradition was that a name chant be composed at birth or given in afterlife, glorifying the family history.11
KEOPUOLANi: SACRED WIFE, QUEEN MOTHER 7
Kiwala'o was present at the birth of Keopuolani as he and his wife were visiting her brother, Kahekili, who, at that time, was the king of Maui, Lana'i, Moloka'i, and O'ahu. Soon after the birth of his daughter, Kiwala'o returned to Hawai'i to become ruling chief over that island. The child remained on Maui as she was hdnai (brought up) in Wailuku, Olowalu, and Hamakua by her maternal grandmother, Kalola. It was not customary for the chiefs to bring up their own children.12
Reference: file:///C:/Users/amy/Documents/Keopuolani%20copypdf.pdf
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